Integrated Manufacturing Systems Operations 322

app

Application. Software programs that are designed for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Apps are a way of interacting with smart devices.

application programming interface

API. A set of programmed instructions, definitions, and standards that define how one piece of software interacts with each other. An open application programming interface means that anyone can write programs that can interact with that interface.

applications

Apps. Software programs that are designed for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Applications are a way of interacting with smart devices.

artificial intelligence

AI. A computer program with algorithms that function as behavioral rules, allowing a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. Artificial intelligence is able to discern and learn from its experiences in order to make optimized decisions during an operation or for subsequent processes.

asset management

A system layer connected to smart manufacturing architecture. Asset management can include process monitoring and control, supervisory control and data acquisition, and asset maintenance management.

augmented reality

AR. A technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a view of the real world. Augmented reality methods may be used during product design to allow remotely located designers to view a product model.

bills of materials

BOMs. A report that lists the materials required to make a particular product and the cost of each individual component. A bill of materials includes all project materials, including any accessories and fasteners.

BOM

Bill of materials. A report that lists the materials required to make a particular product and the cost of each individual component. A BOM includes all project materials, including any accessories and fasteners.

business functions

A means of collecting and disseminating important data about the company. Business functions include financial reporting systems and software.

business-to-business

B2B. Supplier to customer transactions occurring between companies. Business-to-business can describe transactions between a wholesaler and retailer or a wholesaler and manufacturer.

CAD

Computer-aided design. A software program used to create a three-dimensional design of a product. CAD software also documents the design process and adds valuable information to the digital thread.

Computer-aided design

CAD. A method of designing two- and three-dimensional objects using computers and software. Computer-aided design is most often used to create part models for production.

connected systems

Information exchanging among Big Data. Connected systems can include artificial intelligence, information models, workflow, and cloud services.

connected teams

Human-created data. Connected teams can include human data generated from dashboards, metrics, wearables, user experience, and mobile devices.

connected things

Data sources from machines and industrial equipment. Connected things can include sensors, programmable logic controllers, and other edge computing compatible devices.

coordinate measuring machine

CMM. A sophisticated measuring instrument that uses a suspended probe to measure parts in three-dimensional space. Coordinate measuring machines operate using either contact or noncontact methods.

cycle times

The amount of time required to complete a manufacturing process from its beginning to its end. Reducing cycle times is a common goal of quality assurance efforts.

data analyst

A person who analyzes information typically with software in order to draw out unknown patterns. Data analysts are sometimes used to discover useful information in large sets of unlabeled, unorganized data.

data visualization software

Represents digital information using graphics. Data visualization software can use graphs, charts, and animations to make information easier to understand.

digital thread

An integrated view of all the data and information about a machine or process throughout its lifecycle. The digital thread connects information from all aspects of a product into one seamless network.

digital twin

A virtual representation of a physical asset or part. A digital twin evolves with the asset throughout its product lifecycle.

enterprise

A business, company, or similar entity that is organized around a single purpose. A manufacturing enterprise includes all manufacturing operations and facilities.

enterprise business management

A system layer connected to smart manufacturing architecture. Enterprise business management can include resource planning, human resources, customer order scheduling, supply chain, procurement, inventory, and financial management.

enterprise resource planning

ERP. A software application that manages and improves the use of company assets and supplies, from production scheduling to inventory control and production orders. Enterprise resource planning systems can utilize dozens of integrated modules, such as material requirements planning, which are often integrated into the product lifecycle management, manufacturing execution systems, and supply chain management systems.

human resources

HR. The department within an organization that is responsible for creating and maintaining relationships with personnel. Human resources hires employees, manages employee compensation and benefits, and deals with conflicts and other employee issues.

information technology

IT. Includes the systems and communication infrastructure used to run business functions. Information technology resources include computers, data storage, networking devices, and processes to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data.

IT

Information technology. Includes the systems and communication infrastructure used to run business functions. IT resources include computers, data storage, networking devices, and processes to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data.

kitting parts

A process in which related items are grouped, packaged, and supplied together as one unit. Kitting can refer to the bundling of parts for a production work order.

laboratory management information systems

LMIS. Software that allows someone to manage samples and data. Laboratory management information systems can help increase lab efficiency and orchestrate workflows.

lead time

The amount of time it takes from the time an order is placed for a material or part and the time it takes to produce and deliver it. Lead time is reduced with smart manufacturing methods.

lifecycle

The timeline of a product, process, or supply chain including the various activities needed to carry out the different phases of developing, running, and maintaining that entity until its end of life. Lifecycles can include product, production process, and supply chain timelines.

manufacturing execution system

MES. A software application that monitors, tracks, and controls the performance of the processing of materials and production of finished products. Manufacturing execution system applications collect performance data from multiple machines, monitor quality, and manage the execution of automated and manual production tasks.

manufacturing planner

A person responsible for keeping production schedules on track. Manufacturing planners coordinate production workflows.

MES

Manufacturing execution system. A software application that monitors, tracks, and controls the performance of the processing of materials and production of finished products. MES applications collect performance data from multiple machines, monitor quality, and manage the execution of automated and manual production tasks.

metrics

Measured variables that are tracked and can be used to detect errors or variation and make improvements. Metrics can include cycle times, inspection data, and other forms of information.

nonconformance report

Documentation that tracks any product that does not meet customer specifications. Nonconformance reports can track things like incorrect ingredients or parts with the wrong shape.

operational technology

OT. A system comprised of hardware and software that controls industrial systems. Operational technology includes the hardware and software systems that control and execute processes on the shop floor, including data acquisition, supervisory control systems (SCADA), programmable logic controllers (PLC), and computerized numerical control (CNC) machining systems.

operations management

A system layer connected to smart manufacturing architecture. Operation management can include defining the overall manufacturing processes, tracking production processes, monitoring production control and dispatch, and managing quality.

orchestrate

To manage tasks in end-to-end processes to minimize wait times and optimize the use of resources. Orchestration enhances processes through constant monitoring of manufacturing operations and support functions in order to resolve issues proactively.

orchestration

The practice of managing tasks in end-to-end processes to minimize wait times and optimize the use of resources. Orchestrated processes are enhanced through constant monitoring of manufacturing operations and support functions to resolve issues proactively.

OT

Operational technology. A system comprised of hardware and software that controls industrial systems. OT includes the hardware and software systems that control and execute processes on the shop floor, including data acquisition, supervisory control systems (SCADA), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and computer numerical control (CNC) machining systems.

PLM

Product Lifecycle Management. A computer software program that traces all information related to the manufacture of a product from prototype to failure. PLM software uses the digital thread to integrate all cyber-physical data related to the manufacture of a part and beyond.

predictive maintenance

A maintenance approach that involves collecting data related to machine operation in order to service a machine before maintenance issues arise. A predictive maintenance approach involves performing maintenance on a scheduled basis and helps prevent unscheduled downtime.

preventative maintenance

PM. A type of maintenance performed while a component is in working order to keep it from breaking down. Preventive maintenance may include lubricating, tightening, and replacing worn parts.

process engineer

A person who handles the analysis, adjustment, and control of the operation, workflow, and optimization of a manufacturing process. Process engineers may use the help of systematic computer-based methods.

procurement

The department within an organization that is responsible for acquiring the parts, materials, supplies, and services needed to manufacture products. Procurement mainly involves selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.

product engineer

A person who manages the design, build, and test of part prototypes. Product engineers are also typically involved in the final design of a product.

product lifecycle management

PLM. A computer software program that traces all information related to the manufacture of a product from prototype to failure. Product lifecycle management software uses the digital thread to integrate all cyber-physical data related to the manufacture of a part and beyond.

production work order

Production order. Request issued within a company to produce a specific quantity of material within a certain timeframe. Production work orders may be issued because of a sales order, and its issuance triggers events in the production line.

purchase orders

PO. A document that identifies parts purchased from outside suppliers. Purchase orders are issued from buyers to sellers.

quality

An approach to manufacturing that focuses on customer satisfaction. Quality products conform to specifications, are free of defects, and meet the requirements of their anticipated use.

quality engineer

Person responsible for the examination of a part during or after its creation to confirm that it adheres to quality specifications. Quality engineers facilitate inspections, where defects may be identified and corrected.

quality management system

QMS. The objectives and processes designed to focus a company toward quality and customer satisfaction. A quality management system consists of written documents that outline necessary activities and procedures.

recipe

A specification that details the particular quantities of various raw materials and basic steps needed to create a part or product. Recipes typically involve several steps in a process that must be executed in order.

recipe management software

A computer application that orchestrates the complex processes and formulas related to production. Recipe management software can help effectively carry out the manufacturing operations like recipe modification and generating data for production records.

sensors

A device that detects a change in a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal that can be measured or recorded. Sensors allow robots and other devices to interact with their environment and operate with little human intervention.

smart glasses

Eyewear technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a lens view of the real world. Smart glasses may use augmented reality to provide directions, track productivity, or visually alert the wearer to potential hazards.

smart manufacturing

A method of manufacturing designed to improve product design and processes through the integration of digital technology throughout the supply chain. Smart manufacturing increases connectivity between all areas of product development.

subassembly

A part that consists of smaller parts or sub-components and is used in the assembly of larger parts. Subassemblies like hydraulic pumps and electrical systems are joined with other components to create larger assemblies.

supervisory control and data acquisition

SCADA. A variety of system types but, most often, an industrial system used to monitor and control a large process. Supervisory control and data acquisition controls can include one or more entire facilities.

supply chain

A network of companies that exchange resources, such as materials and information, to deliver products to customers. Supply chains consist of a company, its suppliers, its distributors, and its customers.

supply chain management

The process of planning, implementing, and controlling supply chain activities to achieve maximum customer value and sustain competitive advantage. Supply chain management oversees each area of the supply chain, including development, sourcing, production, and delivery.

system architecture

The structure of a program or software system network. System architectures organize and integrate complex information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems to accomplish business goals.

three-dimensional

3D. Having a length, depth, and width. Computer-aided design (CAD) software produces three-dimensional digital models of an asset.

value chain

The primary and support activities that add value to the final product of a company. The value chain includes primary activities, such as production and sales, and support activities, such as human resources and research and development.

wearables

A category of smart devices that people can wear on the body. Wearables can track and transmit data created by personnel.

work centers

A section of a production facility where all tasks associated with a particular operation are performed. Work centers are performed by one or more people, or machines.