IATF 16949:2016 Overview 222

acceptance

The action or process for being determined acceptable or conforming. Acceptance criteria must be documented, per Section 8: Operation of IATF 16949:2016.

audits

An examination of an organization's products, processes, and services to verify that they are meeting expected outputs. Audits include internal and external audits.

calibration

The process of adjusting and comparing a device with unknown accuracy to a device with known, standard accuracy. Correct calibration helps eliminate unwanted variation.

capacity

A metric that indicates how much a facility can achieve, produce, or sell in a given amount of time. Capacity goals must be considered during facility planning as part of the requirements in Section 7: Support of IATF 16949:2016.

certification

Validation that a person or company has met the requirements to uphold a certain standard. Certification in both ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016 is required for automotive manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers that supply automotive parts.

concession

A type of written customer permission that allows nonconforming products to undergo rework or further processing. A concession must be documented before using or reworking a nonconforming part.

contingency plans

A strategy for providing a continuity of supply in the event of key equipment failures. Contingency plans are periodically tested and reviewed by management.

continual improvement

The practice of constantly measuring the effectiveness of an organization's processes. Continual improvement is described in Section 10: Improvement of IATF 16949:2016.

control plans

A documented strategy that addresses the requirements for product realization, including the prototype, pre-launch, and production phases. Control plans are covered in Section 8: Operation of IATF 16949:2016.

corporate responsibility policies

Procedures or principles that help organizations be socially accountable to itself, stakeholders, and the public. Corporate responsibility policies required by IATF 16949:2016 must cover anti-bribery, ethics escalation or "whistleblowing," and employee conduct.

corrective actions

A step to address nonconformance. Corrective actions, such as recalibrating machinery or implementing in-line inspection, lead to quality improvement.

criticality

The degree of importance of a manufacturing process. Criticality is one factor that determines how frequently internal audits should occur.

CSRs

Customer-specific requirements. An organization's interpretation of a customer's supplemental specifications. CSRs are defined throughout IATF 16949:2016 and must appear in an organization's QMS.

customer

A manufacturer or individual consumer that receives a part or completed vehicle. A customer receives parts or completed vehicles from an organization.

customer-specific requirements

CSRs. An organization's interpretation of a customer's supplemental specifications. Customer-specific requirements are defined throughout IATF 16949:2016 and must appear in an organization's QMS.

delivery schedules

A plan for how and when a customer will receive a product. Delivery schedules are a common KPI because they can show how often products were delivered on time.

deviation permit

A type of written customer permission that allows nonconforming products to be used. A deviation permit must be documented before a nonconforming product can be released.

documentation

A piece of data or evidence required to be retained and controlled by an organization in order for its QMS to be effective. Documentation should be preserved in whatever format best serves the needs of each individual organization.

error prevention

The goal of refining product planning and processes to greatly reduce the occurrence of mistakes. Error prevention requirements are established in Section 8: Operation of IATF 16949:2016.

error-proofing

A manufacturing approach that aims to prevent the manufacture of nonconforming products. Error-proofing methods must be documented and are required by Section 10: Improvement of IATF 16949:2016.

external auditor

An individual outside of the organization who objectively assesses the effectiveness of the organization's quality system. External auditors conduct audits for ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016 at the same time.

external suppliers

Any service, product, or process provided by a company other than the organization. External suppliers must be documented and verified by the organization to comply with IATF 16949:2016.

family control plan

A type of control plan that allows one document to cover groups of similar parts or processes. A family control plan can help to streamline control plan development because every part, system, and raw material must be covered by a control plan under IATF 16949:2016.

field failures

Any failure that occurs after a product undergoes all of the manufacturer's documented conformance procedures. Field failures must be included in continual improvement procedures, according to Section 10: Improvement of IATF 16949:2016.

IATF

International Automotive Task Force. A group of automotive manufacturers and their respective trade associations that seeks to improve product quality throughout the automotive supply chain. IATF members include automakers from the U.S., Europe, and some parts of Asia.

IATF 16949:2016

A standard containing quality management system requirements for organizations that manufacture automotive parts. IATF 16949:2016 is an industry-specific, supplemental standard to ISO 9001:2015.

inputs

A step or raw material that enters a process or contributes to it. Inputs like data, specifications, and applicable regulations are required to be documented under Section 8: Control of IATF 16949:2016.

internal audits

An examination of a company's processes, products, and services conducted by the company's own staff. Internal audits are required by ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016.

International Automotive Task Force

IATF. A group of automotive manufacturers and their respective trade associations that seeks to improve product quality throughout the automotive supply chain. International Automotive Task Force members include automakers from the U.S., Europe, and some parts of Asia.

International Organization for Standardization

ISO. A non-governmental institution that develops and establishes standards, rules, and guidelines designed to ensure that products, processes, and services are fit for their purposes. The International Organization for Standardization created and maintains the popular quality standard ISO 9001:2015.

ISO

International Organization for Standardization. A non-governmental institution that develops and establishes standards, rules, and guidelines designed to ensure that products, processes, and services are fit for their purposes. ISO created and maintains the popular quality standard ISO 9001:2015.

ISO 9001:2015

The core standard of the ISO 9000 series that contains the requirements an auditor uses to verify conformity of a QMS. ISO 9001:2015 is titled "Quality Management Systems - Requirements" and presents the actual material to which an organization must conform for certification.

ISO/TS 16949:1999

A standard created by the IATF and the Technical Committee of ISO that contains the quality management system requirements for producers of automotive parts and component systems. ISO/TS 16949:1999 is the earliest version of IATF 16949:2016, which replaced it.

key performance indicators

KPI. A measurable value that demonstrates an organization's effectiveness in achieving key objectives. Key performance indicators can compare information about delivery schedules, recalls, part performance, and other data.

lean manufacturing

A methodology that focuses on minimizing waste within manufacturing systems while also maximizing productivity. Lean manufacturing exploits all opportunities to safely eliminate waste.

life

The amount of time a product is in production or can be serviced or the amount of time a service is offered. The life of a product plus one calendar year is the minimum amount of time organizations must keep records for most products under IATF 16949:2016.

management reviews

An examination of a company's processes, products, services, and overall functioning conducted by the company's top management. Management reviews should identify areas for improvement and areas where the QMS could benefit from changes.

manufacturing feasibility

An analysis of a proposed project to determine if it can be manufactured to meet customer requirements. Manufacturing feasibility includes examining estimated costs and available resources.

manufacturing process audits

An internal audit of the effectiveness and efficiency of manufacturing processes. Manufacturing process audits normally take place over a three-year cycle.

measuring resources

Any method used to inspect a product or service for adherence to specified requirements. Measuring resources include inspection devices, such as gauges, or processes, such as visual inspection.

multidisciplinary team

A group of professionals with different skills or from different departments. A multidisciplinary team captures input from people with a range of expertise and perspectives.

nonconformance

The state of failing to meet one or more specified quality requirements. Nonconformance of products and services must be monitored and reduced for successful IATF 16949:2016 certification.

objectives

A measurable outcome toward which an entire organization works in order to fulfill the quality policy. Quality objectives are a requirement outlined in the sixth sections of ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016.

on-the-job training

A type of hands-on employee instruction that takes place at the worksite. On-the-job training typically involves observing and performing work under the guidance of another employee.

organization

An automotive part marker or automotive manufacturer that supplies a part or completed vehicle. An organization may supply parts or vehicles to another manufacturer or to an individual consumer.

organizational gap analysis

A study that determines the steps or resources needed to transition from an organization's current state to its desired state. An organizational gap analysis helps a company identify the differences between ISO 9001:2015, IATF 16949:2016, and the organization's current operating procedures.

original equipment manufacturers

OEM. A company that produces the parts and equipment that are assembled and installed during the construction of a new vehicle. An original equipment manufacturer is required to earn IATF 16949:2016 certification.

outputs

The result of a process, such as a finished part. Outputs are the final form of inputs after a process has been completed.

outsourced

Obtained from or performed by an external or foreign supplier. Outsourced processes must be included in the QMS and relate to an organization's context.

PDCA

Plan-do-check-act. A four-step, iterative method for implementing and evaluating change. PDCA includes identifying areas for change, implementing changes, reviewing results, and fully implementing or revising the changes.

plan-do-check-act

PDCA. A four-step, iterative method for implementing and evaluating change. Plan-do-check-act includes identifying areas for change, implementing changes, reviewing results, and fully implementing or revising the changes.

preservation

The process of assessing and ensuring quality throughout shipping and delivery. Preservation requires organizations to track product information like identification, contamination, packaging, and storage environments.

preventive actions

A step taken to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or risk before it becomes an issue. Preventive actions reduce the impact of nonconformities.

process approach

A method of viewing all parts of a system as interrelated. ISO 9001:2015 uses a process approach to enable companies to develop and implement a QMS.

process owners

A person in an organization who manages production processes and related outputs. Process owners are appointed by management for IS0 9001:2015 certification.

product audits

An internal audit of product quality and conformance. Product audits can take place as frequently as customers require.

product realization

The process of developing, manufacturing, and delivering a finished good or service. Product realization is overseen by top management and several management-appointed groups under IATF 16949:2016 requirements.

prototypes

A preliminary model of a product used to evaluate the performance of a design. Prototypes must be provided to customers as requested.

QMS

Quality management system. A company's system of objectives and processes that ensures quality and customer satisfaction. A QMS for automotive manufacturers consists of written documents that address the IATF 16949:2016 standard.

QMS audits

An internal audit of the effectiveness of the quality management system. QMS audits normally take place over a three-year cycle.

quality management system

QMS. A company's system of objectives and processes that ensures quality and customer satisfaction. A quality management system for automotive manufacturers consists of written documents that address the IATF 16949:2016 standard.

reaction plans

The actions an organization will take to address nonconforming products. Reaction plans are required as part of a control plan.

realization

The process of designing, producing, and delivering a product or service. Realization requirements are defined in Section 8: Control in IATF 16949:2016.

recalls

A request issued by the manufacturer for customers to return or exchange a product when it fails to meet minimum safety standards or is found to be an unreasonable safety risk. Recalls inform customers that the products they purchased should be returned, repaired, or retired.

records

A type of documented information required for ISO 9001:2015 and IATF 16949:2016 certification that cannot be edited. Records provide evidence for policies, measurements, audits, and other data related to certification.

rework

An action taken on a nonconforming product or service to make it conform to requirements. Rework adds to production time and may change how a product appears or performs.

risk

A condition or situation that can lead an organization to lose profits or fail. Risk includes controllable factors like changes in business strategy and financial management and uncontrollable factors like changes in the economy or new technologies.

risk analysis

A study of the likelihood that an adverse factor will interrupt production. A risk analysis includes information from previous production challenges, such as scrap rates and recalls.

root cause analyses

A study to determine the true origin of a problem. Root cause analyses focus on identifying a problem's true cause, rather than any resulting symptoms or effects.

scrap

A nonconforming product that cannot be used or sold. Scrapped products are recycled or destroyed.

second-party audits

An examination of an external supplier's processes, products, and services conducted by the organization using their services. Second-party audits are required by Section 8: Operation of IATF 16949:2016.

shall statements

One of 282 plain language requirements that guides conformance to IATF 16949:2016. Shall statements in IATF 16949:2016 include processes that require documentation and requirements listed in ISO 9001:2015.

standard

An established policy about a particular practice or method. Standards in IATF 16949:2016 are used to establish and manage quality systems for automotive manufacturers.

statistical studies

The collection and analysis of large volumes of data. Statistical studies of measuring resources can reveal insights about calibration, variance, and nonconformity.

statistical tools

A method, software, or device that helps with collecting, sorting, and analyzing data. Statistical tools include sampling, surveying, and programs that can plot data in a chart.

supply chain

A complex network of companies and suppliers that produce and distribute a product. A supply chain consists of a company, its suppliers, its distributors, and its customers.

suspect

A state of quality in which it is unclear from testing or only assumed that a product is nonconforming. Suspect parts are required to be considered nonconforming by IATF 16949:2016.

tooling

The equipment and gear required for production, such as machinery, cutting tools, and fixtures. Tooling must be documented throughout the product design and realization processes to comply with Section 8: Control in IATF 16949:2016.

top management

A person or group of people responsible for directing and controlling an organization. Top management has the power to delegate authority and provide resources for an organization.

total productive maintenance

TPM. A comprehensive maintenance approach that focuses on continuous attention to the condition of production machinery and facilities. The main goal of total productive maintenance is to maximize equipment usefulness in order to increase production and reduce waste.

waived

Given up the rights or responsibility for a quality outcome. Waived customer requirements must be documented.