Data Collection Fundamentals 121

AI

Artificial intelligence. A computer program with algorithms that function as behavioral rules, allowing a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. AI can discern and learn from its experiences in order to make optimized decisions during an operation or for subsequent processes.

artificial intelligence

AI. A computer program with algorithms that function as behavioral rules, allowing a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. Artificial intelligence can discern and learn from its experiences in order to make optimized decisions during an operation or for subsequent processes.

automated data collection

The process of automatically gathering information. Automated data collection often uses tools such as smart sensors, barcode scanners, and machines connected to the Industrial Internet of Things.

automation

The automatic control of equipment, a process, or a system. Automation is an efficient means of performing manufacturing processes.

backup

A strategy in which copies of original data files are stored on one or more separate devices. Backups are critical in order to protect data that is lost or damaged.

Big Data

A valuable collection of information from the devices or assets in an operation. Big Data can be analyzed to reveal patterns and make decisions.

cloud

A network of remote servers that can be accessed through the internet. The cloud stores many software applications and can be used to back up data.

correlation

The extent of the interdependence between variable quantities. Correlation analysis involves establishing a relationship or connection between two or more measures.

cyber threats

Any potential event or attack that could access or damage computers or digital networks. Cyber threats may include inadvertent events or malicious attacks from hackers.

cycle times

The time it takes to perform a task and forward it to the next step. Cycle times are often tracked and monitored through data collection to optimize efficiency.

dashboards

A data visualization tool that contains current and updated information related to performance and operations throughout the supply chain. Dashboards are used in smart manufacturing to fully utilize data.

data

A collection of numbers, facts, and information about a process or product. Data can be created, communicated, and recorded by sensors in smart objects.

data analysis

The process of performing various calculations on organized information to gain new insights. Data analysis, sometimes called data analytics, helps manufacturers determine courses of action they might take to continuously improve their operations.

data analytics

The process of performing various calculations on organized information to gain new insights. Data analytics, sometimes called data analysis, helps manufacturers determine courses of action they might take to continuously improve their operations.

data clutter

Information that is excessive or disorganized. Data clutter can prevent a manufacturer from gaining accurate and useful insights during the data collection process.

data collection plan

A document that defines all the details concerning an information-gathering project. Data collection plans include how much and what type of data is required and when and how it should be collected.

data management systems

An interconnected network that allows companies to record, organize, and manage information. Data management systems help employees visualize data and adjust operations in real time.

data visualizations

The graphical representation of digital information through charts, plots, graphs, and other means. Data visualization allows personnel to interpret data more easily.

databases

Computer storage that holds data and is searchable. Databases store and organize information.

datasets

Similar information collected into a single asset or unit. Datasets are used by manufacturers to organize the information they collect.

digital

Consisting of information that is input or output electronically as a series of pulses or signals, often resulting in binary strings of 0s and 1s. Digital computing devices interpret various programming commands as binary digits.

employee data

Data about and related to employees. Employee data can include things such as demographics, salary and benefits, and performance indicators.

enterprise resource planning

ERP. A software application that manages and improves the use of company assets and supplies, from production scheduling to inventory control and production orders. Enterprise resource planning systems can utilize dozens of integrated modules, such as material requirements planning, product lifecycle management, manufacturing execution systems, and supply chain management systems.

equipment performance data

Data that describes the status and operation of machine tools. Equipment performance data helps manufacturers to monitor and adjust operations completed on valuable production equipment.

external hard drives

A memory storage device that stores and retrieves data on a computer. An external hard drive can connect to and access files on various computing devices, usually through a USB connection.

flash drives

A small, portable memory card that can be used to store data. Flash drives connect to hardware devices through a USB port.

forecasts

A prediction of demand patterns for a product, which is used to calculate future inventory levels. Forecasts use data from prior operations to predict best operational practices.

frequency

The rate at which data is collected. Frequency is an important consideration in any data collection plan.

generative artificial intelligence

GenAI. An artificial intelligence (AI) system that creates content, such as text, images, or code, based on data. Generative artificial intelligence should be avoided to protect proprietary information and maintain cybersecurity.

IIoT

Industrial Internet of Things. A network of physical devices used in manufacturing that contain computing systems that allow them to send and receive data. The IIoT allows devices to exchange data and automate processes without any human intervention.

Industrial Internet of Things

IIoT. A network of physical devices used in manufacturing that contain computing systems that allow them to send and receive data. The Industrial Internet of Things allows devices to exchange data and automate processes without any human intervention.

inline method

A process of counting each item in sequence during manufacturing or other processes. Inline methods of data collection typically capture all data during a specific period.

inspector

A person who examines a part with various tools and techniques to determine if it conforms to specifications. Inspectors fulfill important roles in ensuring the quality of a manufactured product.

logistics

The area of business that focuses on the purchase, production, transport, and distribution of materials within a company. Logistics planning and management efficiency can be improved by collecting and analyzing relevant data.

machine tools

A power-driven machine that holds a variety of tools. Machine tools can be equipped with sensors to capture a variety of data.

malware

Any malicious code or software that can potentially harm a computer, device, or network or retrieve data from the network or device without authorization. Malware often exists undetected on systems for extended periods of time.

manual data collection

The process of gathering data by means that are not automated. Manual data collection often adds important nuance and context to sets of data.

manufacturing execution system

MES. A software application that monitors and analyzes a variety of data sources across a production environment. Manufacturing execution system applications can be used to integrate equipment performance, production, and quality data from multiple machines to help optimize performance.

multi-factor authentication

A security measure that requires users to enter additional information in addition to a password when logging into or accessing a system. Multi-factor authentication methods include entering temporary codes sent to trusted devices and answering security questions.

open-source

A type of software that is publicly available, which allows users to view, copy, and distribute it. Open-source software can be inspected and modified by anyone, unlike proprietary software systems.

operators

A person trained to run a specific machine. Operators are responsible for ensuring that a machining process runs properly, efficiently, and safely.

passwords

A series of characters, known only by authorized users, that allow the users to access an otherwise locked digital system. Passwords effectively prevent unauthorized access as long as they are not shared or discovered by unauthorized users.

PLCs

programmable logic controllers. A processor-driven device that uses logic-based software to provide electrical control to machines. PLCs can automatically collect and send important manufacturing process data.

preventative maintenance

A type of maintenance performed while a component is in working order to keep it from breaking down. Preventative maintenance may include cleaning, lubricating, tightening, and replacing worn parts.

production data

Data that tracks the number of parts or rate at which parts are produced. Production data, sometimes called production metrics, can be used to track how quickly and efficiently a production operation meets its goals.

production metrics

Data that tracks the number of parts or rate at which parts are produced. Production metrics, usually called production data, can be used to track how quickly and efficiently a production operation meets its goals.

production rates

The speed at which a manufacturing operation produces parts. Production rates, or build rates, for smart manufacturing can be different than traditional manufacturing.

programmable logic controllers

PLCs. A processor-driven device that uses logic-based software to provide electrical control to machines. Programmable logic controllers can automatically collect and send important manufacturing process data.

qualitative data

Data that measures the descriptive characteristics of a part or process. Qualitative data typically includes any non-numeric data.

quality assurance

QA. A system of managing product quality by regulating the quality of materials, processes, and components. Quality assurance data is collected at multiple points throughout a manufacturing process.

quality data

Data that describes how well a final product meets its production specifications. Quality data helps manufacturers ensure that their products are created accurately and meet customer expectations.

quantitative data

Data that measures the numerical characteristics of a part or process. Quantitative data typically includes anything that can be counted or measured numerically.

real time

The near-instantaneous interval of time that computers require to process data. Real time is virtually the same as actual time because computers process data nearly immediately.

sample

A representative segment of data that represents a larger group of data. A larger sample increases accuracy but also requires more data storage.

sampling method

A data collection strategy that uses a representative part or small group of parts from a larger group. In sampling methods, a larger sample increases accuracy.

scatter plots

An analysis tool that uses the clustering of plotted points to analyze data. Scatter plots are used to determine if the increase or decrease of one variable is related to an increase or decrease in another variable.

scrap rate

The percentage of material not used to create the final part. Scrap rates account for the material removed during machining and parts that are out of tolerance that can’t be sold or used.

server clustering

A system backup strategy in which the contents of a primary server are duplicated and constantly updated on a group of synchronized servers. Server clustering helps prevent data loss and slower processing speeds when the volume of data being transferred is high.

server mirroring

A system backup strategy in which the contents of a primary server are duplicated and constantly updated on a separate server or storage device. Server mirroring can help organizations recover from cyber attacks by restoring lost or compromised files.

servers

The physical computer that shares information with other computers within its network. Servers' primary purpose is to store data so other computers can access it.

smart manufacturing

Technologically integrated manufacturing that creates and uses data in real time to address the needs of the factory, supplier, and customer. Smart manufacturing is an advancement of traditional manufacturing automation.

smart sensors

A device equipped with software that can detect physical inputs, process them as data, and output digital signals. Smart sensors are more advanced than normal digital sensors since they can process data internally rather than simply sending digital signals to an external system to be processed.

statistical process control

SPC. A method of measuring and controlling the processes that yield a product. In statistical process control, statistics are used to collect sample data and allow predictions of the overall process.

supervisors

An employee who oversees production processes. Supervisors are often responsible for the production of a team of operators, technicians, inspectors, and other employees.

supervisory control and data acquisition

SCADA. An industrial system used to monitor equipment performance data and control production equipment at the machine level. Supervisory control and data acquisition systems can control production processes on various machine tools and production equipment.

supply chain data

Data that describes the movement of materials and inventory into and out of a manufacturing facility. Supply chain data helps manufacturers ensure that materials and products arrive at their intended locations on time.

technicians

A person who is responsible for supporting the development, production, and maintenance of products and processes. Technicians may need to manually enter data to provide important context on manufacturing operations.

tool life

The length of time that a cutting tool can function properly before it begins to fail. Tool life can be extended through optimized implementation, including using the proper tool geometry or cutting with fluids.

volume

The amount of data used within a network or stored by a database. Volume is a key consideration in any data collection plan.