Introduction to Manufacturing Software 125

additive manufacturing

AM. The process of joining or solidifying materials to make an object based on a three-dimensional computer model. Additive manufacturing methods typically build up layers of material to create an object.

advanced planning and scheduling

APS. A type of management system that regulates the use of production resources for optimization based on demand. Advanced planning and scheduling software helps organizations optimize the use of raw materials, personnel and time management, and other production resources.

AI

Artificial intelligence. A computer program with algorithms that enable a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. AI allows machines to perform a process with autonomy.

alerts

An automated notification that draws attention to a condition in need of action. Alerts may indicate overdue tasks, tool replacement needs, or low inventory levels.

APS

Advanced planning and scheduling. A type of management system that regulates the use of production resources for optimization based on demand. APS software helps organizations optimize the use of raw materials, personnel and time management, and other production resources.

artificial intelligence

AI. A computer program with algorithms that enable a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. Artificial intelligence allows machines to perform a process with autonomy.

assemblies

A larger part or product that consists of several other components that have been joined together. Assemblies are made up of multiple smaller subassemblies.

audits

An examination of a company’s activities or products to determine if the company is meeting standards or following policies as claimed. Audits can be conducted by outside parties or by employees within the company.

automation

The use of self-regulated equipment, processes, or systems that meet manufacturing requirements with limited human intervention. Automation is an efficient means of performing manufacturing processes.

barcodes

A digitally readable code that conveys information about an object using a specific sequence of linear bars. Barcodes can be read using optical scanners.

batch

A specific number of identical parts that move through the production cycle in a group. Batch information is used to trace when and where products are produced to aid in quality control.

blueprints

A document containing all the information necessary to manufacture and inspect a part. A blueprint is also known as a print or an engineering drawing.

CAD

Computer-aided design. A method of designing two- and three-dimensional objects using computers and software. CAD is most often used to create part models for production.

calibration

The comparison and adjustment of a device with unknown accuracy to a device with a known, accurate standard. Calibration eliminates any variation in the device being checked.

CAM

Computer-aided manufacturing. The use of a computer to assist in part manufacturing. CAM generates instructions for producing and machining a part.

capacity

A measurement of the maximum number of parts a machine or process can produce in a given period of time. The capacity of a machine or process can be impacted by time, materials, equipment, and employees.

catalogs

An organized listing of parts, tools, or materials available for purchase or use. Catalogs within inventory management systems allow users to purchase from organization-approved vendors.

certification

Validation that an individual has achieved a certain level of expertise in a specific area. Certifications may be awarded by a school, a professional organization, or another governing body.

changeover

The process of switching a machine from one part setup or process to another. Changeover activities may include cleaning, disassembly, reassembly, and other setup activities.

check in/out lockers

An automated system for depositing and retrieving items, such as tools and equipment, without needing human assistance. Check in/out lockers track who uses a tool or piece of equipment, as well as when it is taken out and returned.

checkboxes

A graphic element, usually a small square box, that users can select to make choices. Check boxes may offer binary options that users must choose from, such as yes/no questions, or a list of options, where users select all that apply.

CMMS

Computer maintenance management system. A software system used to manage maintenance activities, equipment history, and downtime information. CMMSs allow users to submit maintenance requests, log labor hours, track used parts, and analyze downtime data.

CNC

Computer numerical control. A self-contained system of computers and precision motors that executes program instructions to guide machine tool components and manufacture parts. A CNC machine is controlled using a combination of software and hardware.

codes

A system of words, letters, figures, or other symbols substituted for other data. Codes are used to identify defects based on type or other identifying information.

compliance

The act of upholding standards and regulations. Compliance is required by law for all standards relevant to a given industry.

computer maintenance management systems

CMMS. A software system used to manage maintenance activities, equipment history, and downtime information. Computer maintenance management systems allow users to submit maintenance requests, log labor hours, track used parts, and analyze downtime data.

computer numerical control

CNC. A self-contained system of computers and precision motors that executes program instructions to guide machine tool components and manufacture parts. A computer numerical control machine is controlled using a combination of software and hardware.

computer-aided design

CAD. A method of designing two- and three-dimensional objects using computers and software. Computer-aided design is most often used to create part models for production.

computer-aided manufacturing

CAM. The use of a computer to assist in part manufacturing. Computer-aided manufacturing generates instructions for producing and machining a part.

continuous improvement

CI. A lean manufacturing concept that describes an ongoing effort to make products, services, or processes better. Continuous improvement identifies opportunities for improvement, takes action to achieve improvement, analyzes the results, and implements workable solutions.

customer relationship management

CRM. A software system that manages an organization’s interactions with current and potential customers. Customer relationship management software stores customer data, tracks transactions, and automates sales, marketing, and support.

cutting tools

A device with one or more edges used to create chips and remove material. Cutting tools include mills, drills, and cutting inserts.

cybersecurity

Protection against criminal or unauthorized access to computer networks, programs, and data. Cybersecurity has become a major industrial concern as networking and connectivity have increased.

dashboard

The centralized screen of an application that visually depicts key information and statuses. Dashboards allow users to quickly access information, such as job progress, machine status, and alerts.

data

A collection of numbers, information, and values about a process or product. Data can be quantitative, such as employee badge numbers and batch totals, or quantitative, such as descriptions of defects or descriptions of activities.

defective

Damaged or not up to specifications. Defective parts must be discarded or reworked and represent a loss to the manufacturing operation.

defects

An imperfection in a part that prevents it from operating correctly. Defects can lead to reworked or scrapped parts, which increases the cost of a manufacturing operation.

digital hygiene

The safe and responsible behaviors used when interacting with software systems and digital data. Digital hygiene involves protecting login information, logging out of systems after use, and avoiding unauthorized tools and devices.

documentation

Information that is collected, stored, and used to monitor and improve safety, quality, and efficiency. Documentation may include machine manuals, maintenance records, process descriptions, and safety incident logs.

downtime

A period of time during which production stops, often due to mechanical failure or maintenance needs. Downtime reduces the efficiency of a manufacturing operation and should always be limited as much as possible.

drawings

A document that contains detailed instructions to make a part. Drawings, or prints, contain dimensions, directions, and details to guide employees in operations to produce a part and its features.

drop-down menus

A list of predefined options that expands into view when a user clicks on it, allowing the user to make a selection. Drop-down menus help reduce errors by limiting the available choices.

efficiency

A measure of the work output of a system versus the total energy input. An efficient system is able to convert a greater amount of the supplied energy into the intended useful work.

employee number

A unique series of numbers, sometimes in addition to letters, assigned to an individual upon hire. An employee number is linked to internal activity, such as time tracking, payroll, human resources (HR) records, and security.

engineers

A person who designs machines, parts, or other technically complex components or features. In manufacturing, engineers are responsible for designing a part, including creating the exact specifications for that part and deciding how best to build and finish the part.

enterprise resource planning

ERP. A management information system that takes data from multiple internal and external information sources to integrate business processes throughout the organization. Enterprise resource planning is often integrated into the product lifecycle management, operations management, and supply chain management systems.

ERP

Enterprise resource planning. A management information system that takes data from multiple internal and external information sources to integrate business processes throughout the organization. ERP is often integrated into the product lifecycle management, operations management, and supply chain management systems.

excess inventory

The storage of more materials or parts than necessary. Excess inventory ties up company resources that could be better used elsewhere and takes up space.

files

A named collection of digital data stored in a single location on a storage device. Common digital file types include documents, pictures, videos, and programs.

filter

The process of narrowing down displayed information based on specific criteria. Filtering work orders allows users to limit visible results based on qualities like priority or shift, allowing users to focus on tasks that are most relevant to them.

G-code

The programming language that directs computer numerical control (CNC) and additive manufacturing (AM) equipment. G-code consists of a combination of letters and numbers that form commands.

generative models

An artificial intelligence (AI) system that creates content, such as text, images, or code, based on data. Generative models of AI can pose cybersecurity and intellectual property (IP) risks because they store and reuse information.

human resources

HR. The department within an organization that is responsible for creating and maintaining relationships with personnel. Human resources hires employees, manages employee compensation and benefits, and deals with conflicts and other employee issues.

icons

A small visual symbol that represents a file, folder, or application. Icons can be clicked on to access a location, such as the file or application.

inspection

The examination of a part during or after its creation to confirm that it adheres to specifications. Inspection tools include gages, calipers, and micrometers.

intellectual property

IP. Any idea, creative expression, or knowledge that originated from, or is owned by, an individual or organization. Intellectual property is protected in the United States through patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

interface

The control system on a manufacturing machine that operators use to interact with the machine. Interfaces may be complex, such as computer touchscreens, or simple, such as control panels with just a few buttons.

International Organization for Standardization

ISO. A non-governmental institution that develops and establishes standards, rules, and guidelines designed to ensure that products, processes, and services are fit for their purposes. The International Organization for Standardization created and maintains the popular quality standard ISO 9001:2015.

inventory

A quantity of goods held in stock. Inventory refers to raw materials, partially finished products, and finished products prior to sale.

inventory management

A systematic approach to sourcing, storing, and selling inventory. Inventory management keeps raw materials and products adequately stocked.

IP

Intellectual property. Any idea, creative expression, or knowledge that originated from, or is owned by, an individual or organization. IP is protected in the United States through patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

just-in-time production

An approach to production and distribution that emphasizes flexible processes and reduced inventories to decrease costs and improve responsiveness. With just-in-time production, materials and products are ready precisely when needed.

keyword

A specific word or phrase used to search for information in a digital system. Keywords allow users to quickly locate manuals, technical documents, and work orders.

labor hours

The amount of time an employee spends performing a specific task or activity. Labor hours are tracked in computer maintenance management systems (CMMS) in order to monitor cost, productivity, and maintenance effectiveness.

lean

An approach to manufacturing that seeks to reduce the cycle time of processes, increase flexibility, and improve quality. Lean approaches help to eliminate waste in all its forms.

log in

The act of entering in credentials to gain access. To log in to a computer, you typically need a username and password.

lot numbers

An identifier assigned to a batch of materials or products. Lot numbers are used to trace where products move to and from, as well as to aid in quality control.

manuals

An instructional document that explains how to operate, maintain, or troubleshoot equipment. Digital manuals allow employees to easily access information in order to safely support operation and consistently follow maintenance activities.

manufacturing execution systems

MES. A software application that monitors, tracks, and controls the performance of the processing of materials and production of finished products. Manufacturing execution systems applications collect performance data from multiple machines, monitor quality, and manage the execution of automated and manual production tasks.

material flow

The movement of raw materials throughout production, including obtaining and storing those raw materials. Material flow involves making sure materials are available at a workstation when they are needed.

menus

An organized list of options or functions within an application. Menus help users access information like work orders, schedules, and maintenance requests.

MES

Manufacturing execution system. A software application that monitors, tracks, and controls the performance of the processing of materials and production of finished products. MES applications collect performance data from multiple machines, monitor quality, and manage the execution of automated and manual production tasks.

multi-factor authentication

MFA. An electronic authentication method that grants access to a website or application only after a user successfully presents two or more pieces of evidence, such as a password and a code sent via text message. Multi-factor authentication provides better security than using only a single password.

navigation bars

A narrow, linear bar located on an interface that allow users to move between sections. Navigation bars offer quick access to dashboards, work orders, and data readouts.

non-conformance reports

A type of documentation that tracks any product that does not meet customer specifications. Non-conformance reports can track things like incorrect ingredients or parts with the wrong shape.

open source

A type of software that is publicly available, which allows users to view, copy, and distribute it. Open source software can be inspected and modified by anyone, unlike proprietary software systems.

optical scanners

A device that scans images or an object and converts it to digital information. Optical scanners are used to read bar codes, among other things.

passphrase

A long string of unrelated words that acts as a password. A passphrase makes it easier for users to remember and increases security because of length.

password

A secret string of characters that verify an individual’s identity when logging into a system. A strong password contains a mixture of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.

permission

Access to files on a digital system granted to all users within a group defined on that system. Permission is typically determined based on a user’s role or position within the organization.

planned

A type of downtime where equipment is intentionally stopped for maintenance, inspection, or upgrades. Planned downtime helps reduce production delays while coordinating maintenance needs.

predictive maintenance

PdM. A maintenance approach that involves collecting data related to machine operation in order to service a machine before maintenance issues arise. A predictive maintenance approach involves performing maintenance on a scheduled basis and helps prevent unscheduled downtime.

priority

The relative importance or urgency of a task. Higher priority jobs must be addressed first in order to reduce risk, downtime, and delays.

process control

A method of checking product performance and batch consistency by regularly measuring and regulating processes that yield a product. Process control involves collecting and analyzing data to help reduce error.

product lifecycle management

PLM. A computer software program that traces all information related to the manufacture of a product from prototype to failure. Product lifecycle management software integrates all cyber-physical data related to the manufacturing of a part and beyond.

proprietary

Designed by a specific company for use only with its own systems or devices. Proprietary components include physical hardware, such as programming devices, and software components, such as programming software and networks.

QMS

Quality management system. A type of management system that centralizes and automates processes, documentation, and compliance requirements related to product quality. QMS software helps companies adhere to standards like ISO 9001:2015.

quality

Conformance to a set of standards or specifications that results in customer satisfaction in a product or service. Quality products are free of defects and meet the requirements of their anticipated use.

quality management system

QMS. A type of management system that centralizes and automates processes, documentation, and compliance requirements related to product quality. Quality management system software helps companies adhere to standards like ISO 9001:2015.

Quick Response codes

QR codes. A digitally readable code that conveys information about an object using a specific pattern of black and white squares. QR codes can be read using mobile devices with built-in cameras, such as smartphones.

radio buttons

A graphic element, usually a small circle that fills in with a dot when clicked, that users can select to make a choice. Radio buttons allow users to select only one option at a time.

radio frequency identification

RFID. A technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. RFID tags consist of a tiny radio transponder, radio receiver, and radio transmitter.

real time

The near-instantaneous interval of time in which computers process data. Real time is virtually the same as actual time because computers process data nearly immediately.

robot

A mechanical device that can be programmed to perform a variety of complicated, repetitive tasks. Robots are used to automate manufacturing processes.

role

An employee’s job function. An employee’s role determines what information they have access to within a system.

run order

The planned sequence in which jobs are completed or parts are produced. Following run order in sequence reduces changeover time and cost, improves efficiency, and meets production schedules on time.

scrap

Unusable material produced during a manufacturing process. Scrap is a waste product of manufacturing that can increase overall production costs.

setup

All of the tasks and preparations necessary to prepare for a given operation. Setup can include preparing machines as well as collecting paperwork, tools, and materials.

shift

A scheduled block of working time assigned to an employee. First-shift employees typically work in the morning, while second-shift employees work in the afternoon.

software

The programs and instructions that control computer hardware functions and operations. Software helps automate production, manage supply chain, and optimize operations to increase efficiency and reduce waste.

standard operation procedures

SOPs. A detailed, written set of instructions for performing tasks. A standard operating procedure ensures that all personnel understand how to perform a task in a consistent and uniform manner, minimizing the risk of errors.

standards

An established policy regarding a particular practice, method, or measurement. Standards are established by a number of organizations in the United States and internationally, including American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

status

The current condition of a task, process, or machine. Status may be indicated by color, such as green suggesting working condition and red suggesting a stalled machine.

tag

A label applied to digital content to help organize and categorize information. A tag allows users to group related documents, records, and data under a single label.

takt time

The ideal pace of production required to meet demand and consumption. Takt time is the number of work minutes per day divided by the number of work orders per day.

technical documents

A detailed file that contains information such as engineering drawings, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and equipment specifications. Digital technical documents allow employees to easily access information that supports production, quality, and compliance needs.

technician

A person who is responsible for supporting the development, production, and maintenance of products and processes. Technicians serve as research assistants, machinists, assemblers, programmers, inspectors, mechanics, and many other important roles.

text fields

An area where users type information into a form. Text fields may be used for note taking or to enter specific types of information, such as an employee number.

traceability

The ability to verify the history, application, or location of an item using data. Traceability allows manufacturers to identify when and where a specific batch of items was produced.

troubleshooting

A systematic approach to solving problems quickly and efficiently. Troubleshooting often involves a logical process of elimination to identify the source of a problem.

uniformly

Constant and unchanging. Uniform production processes create the same, defect-free parts across multiple pieces of equipment.

Universal Serial Bus drives

USB drives. A small, portable memory device that can be used to store and transfer data. Universal serial bus drives are connected to computers through a universal serial bus port.

unplanned

A type of downtime where equipment stops unexpectedly due to failures or problems. Unplanned downtime should be analyzed and addressed as part of continuous improvement.

username

A unique identifier that distinguishes people from one another in a system. An employee’s username may include elements of their name or employee number.

version control

The process of managing and tracking changes to a file over time. Version control ensures that the most recent, correct version of a file is accessed.

version number

A specific revision of a document, program, or file. Employees should always use the most recent version number to ensure they are accessing the most recently approved information.

waste

Any element of the manufacturing process that does not add value to a product. Waste can be tangible, such as scrap, chips, and defective parts, as well as intangible, such as unnecessary motion and downtime.

wear

The erosion of material as a result of friction, use, or environmental conditions. Wear is often caused by two or more objects rubbing or sliding against each other.

work orders

A request issued within a company to produce a specific quantity of material within a certain timeframe. Work orders can be viewed on digital systems such as manufacturing enterprise systems (MES) and computer maintenance management systems (CMMS).